Manufacture of hoes



rIlldllflll"3 'STATES PATENT FFICE.

ANDREW PATTERSON, OF BIRMINGHAM, PENNSYLVANIA.

MANUFACTUR-E OF HOES.

Specification of Letters Patent No T o all whom it may concern:

Pennsylvania, have invented a cert-ain new and useful Improvement in the Manufacture of Hoes; and I hereby declare that the following is a full andy exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

The nature of my invention consists in forming the head or eye of a hoe and attaching it at the same time to a sheet metal blade by pouring molten metal to form the head or eye, on or around the blade previously placed in a properly constructed mold.

The better to enable others to make hoes in accordance with my improvement I will more fully describe it in view of the drawings of which- Figure l is a perspective of the back of a finished hoe. Fig. 2 is a perspective of the front of a finished hoe. Fig. 8 is a perspective of a vertical section through the head and bla de showing the manner in which they are united. Fig. t is a perspective of a blade preparedto receive the molten head or eye. Fig. 5 is a perspective sect-ion of the blade, the position of the head and the manner of its union with the blade, being indicated by the dotted lines.

The same letters refer to like parts in all the drawings.

a is the blade,

l) is the head.

c c c c is a collar or flange on the blade and is formed by bending up a part of the blade so as to allow the metal which forms the head to fiow on or around it and clasp the blade and securely join the head and blade together.

It is not important that the blade should be cut or stamped exactly as shown at c c c. This part may be varied to suit circumstances. The shape shown is a convenient and etlicient one, the chief condition being such an arrangement relative to the head that the metal to form the head may so flow on that part of the blade as to securely unite the head and blade together.

In making hoes according to my improvenient I proceed as follows: Having determined the shape and configuration of hoe I desire to produce I prepare a pattern of the entire or perfect hoe and having molded 25,580, dated September 27, 1859.

an impression from it in sand or other suitable material I take a plate of sheet metal of the proper size and shape and place it in the impression in the place of the pat-tern blade, with the part c c c o (orits equivalent in other styles of hoe) so placed with reference to the head that the metal which forms the head may so flow on it as to securely join t-he head and blade together. I then close the mold and pour into it a quantity of molten metal sufficient to lill the unoccupied portion of the mold and form the remainder of the hoe, the molten head becoming rmly united to the blade.

In making hoes by my improvement sheet steel is a suitable material for the blade and common cast iron for the head, but I do not wish to be confined to them.

I am aware that hoes have been made with a sheet steel blade and a cast malleable head welded on, such construction being claimed by Saml. Boyd in his patent of J an. 13, 1857, as a new manufacture. rThe patent of Henry Havell, Feb. 10, 1857, is for a certain form of steel blade welded to a cast malleable head. My invention differs from both these, 1st, in the materials of which the hoe is formed. My hoe head may be made of common cast iron without any preparation and is attached in the process of formation. In both the cases above referred to (Boyd and I-Iavell patents) the head, although formed by casting, cannot be attached to the blade as they direct (by welding) until after it has been decarbonized or rendered malleable and then it does not differ from a hoe head of the same shape which is made by forging. My impgrovement further differs from those of oyd and I-Iavell in the fact that it pertains to a different art. In those cases the finished hoe is the handiwork of a blacksmith or worker in wrought metals, in mine it is the handiwork of a founder or molder, the work of a different artisan, the product of a different art. Certainly I have affected the manufacture of hoes-I think as certainly improved it.

I am aware that it is not new to cast one metal or material on another. The process is old in a variety of arts. Cast and wrought iron, brass and iron, lead and silver, glass and metals, enamel and metals and other substances have been connected by this process in the production of various articles of manufacture and all or nearly all such combinations have been or are now the subject of various patents las applied to the production of various articles which Were never before so produced, the invention consisting not in the discovery of the process but in improving this or that art or manufacture by connecting With it a process never before connected With it. My invention consists not in the discovery of casting one metal on another but in improving the manufacture of hoes by substituting this old process Which Was never before used in that manufacture for other processes which were previously used in it.

A. PATTERSON.

Witnesses:

CHAS. B. BARR, JNO. P. BARoRoF'r. 

